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Ashby Material Selection Chart

Compare materials on a log-log chart and choose by weight-performance trade-off. Click a point to use it in the matching calculator.

Density ρ (kg/m³) (log)Elastic Modulus E (GPa) (log)Structural Steel S235 (EN 10025)Structural Steel S355 (EN 10025)Machining Steel C45 (1040)Stainless Steel 304Aluminum 6061-T6Aluminum 7075-T6Copper (annealed)Titanium Ti-6Al-4VInconel 718Cast Iron (gray)Concrete C30/37PEEKABS PlasticPLAGlass Fiber Composite (GFRP)Carbon Fiber Composite (CFRP)MIL-DTL-12560K Class 1 (RHA)MIL-DTL-12560K Class 2 (RHA, shock resistance)MIL-DTL-12560K Class 4 (RHA, penetration resistance)MIL-DTL-46100E (HHA)MIL-DTL-32332A (UHHA)ArcelorMittal Amstrong Ultra 690 (S690Q)ArcelorMittal Amstrong Ultra 890 (S890Q)ArcelorMittal Amstrong Ultra 960 (S960Q)ArcelorMittal Amstrong Ultra 1100ArcelorMittal Mars® 440 (armor steel)ArcelorMittal Mars® 500 (armor steel)ArcelorMittal Mars® 550 (armor steel)ArcelorMittal Mars® 600 (armor steel)

About the Method

This chart is inspired by Prof. Michael Ashby's material-selection methodology: when performance indices (e.g. E/ρ — stiffness/weight) are compared on a log-log chart, materials on the same line offer equivalent performance for a given design constraint. Enter a slope (k) in the "Selection Line" field to highlight the higher-performing materials above that line.

See the material database methodology for the data source and uncertainty percentages — values are typical room-temperature data; use manufacturer certification for critical designs.